Competitive Trade Analysis – Agri-food and seafood trends in the Middle East and North Africa
March 2019
Report content summary
A competitive trade analysis (CTA) is intended to examine major competitors and determine where a company or country compares within an industry or sector.
This CTA highlights agri-food and seafood trade in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and identifies the opportunities and potential growth areas for Canadian exporters.
Included are the top ten agri-food and seafood imports into MENA from external suppliers, and those from Canada. Throughout the report, a series of supply gap analysis demonstrate the areas for potential growth in Canadian exports to MENA.
Middle East and North Africa market summary
The Middle East and North Africa imported 775.1 billion Canadian dollars (Can$) in agri-food and seafood between 2013 and 2017. MENA is Canada's 4th largest agri-food and seafood market behind Japan.
In 2017, the top five agri-food and seafood suppliers to MENA brought in Can$54.7 billion or 34.9% of the total market share.
Canada exported Can$2.5 billion to MENA that year and placed 21st among global exporters.
The top five imports to MENA from 2013 to 2017 were wheat, corn, soy beans, frozen boneless beef and barley, with a total value of Can$ 145.2 billion.
The top exports from Canada – within the top ten MENA global imports – were soya beans, wheat and barley, with cane or beet sugar increasing significantly over the 5 year period of 2013 to 2017.
The top five Canadian exports to MENA in 2017 were durum wheat (pasta wheat), dried lentils, canola seeds, wheat and soya beans with a total value of Can$ 1.9 billion or 79.2% of the total Canadian Exports to the region.
Trade overview
MENA is a net importer bring in Can$777.1 billion of agri-food and seafood between 2013 to 2017. The region consists of 19 countries with a population of approximately 430.0 million people (see table below for country list).
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MENA | 139,776.2 | 155,988.6 | 162,422.2 | 160,484.0 | 158,341.2 | 3.2% |
| Saudi Arabia | 19,600.6 | 20,679.7 | 25,489.3 | 22,772.1 | 21,287.2 | 2.1% |
| United Arab Emirates | 17,515.7 | 19,869.9 | 22,112.3 | 22,449.0 | 22,489.6 | 6.4% |
| Turkey | 13,628.9 | 15,852.3 | 16,199.6 | 16,268.2 | 18,749.3 | 8.3% |
| Egypt | 13,850.8 | 16,550.0 | 16,633.7 | 16,055.9 | 15,335.5 | 2.6% |
| Iran | 12,968.3 | 12,797.3 | 11,283.7 | 11,899.3 | 11,057.2 | −3.9% |
| Iraq | 11,111.8 | 11,691.6 | 11,865.6 | 12,085.1 | 12,203.7 | 2.4% |
| Algeria | 9,828.8 | 11,668.0 | 10,516.9 | 10,445.4 | 10,520.9 | 1.7% |
| Israel | 5,824.1 | 6,121.6 | 6,594.1 | 7,250.6 | 7,226.0 | 5.5% |
| Morocco | 4,967.2 | 5,871.0 | 5,118.1 | 6,220.1 | 6,163.7 | 5.5% |
| Kuwait | 3,921.4 | 4,499.6 | 5,384.2 | 5,115.7 | 5,087.9 | 6.7% |
| Jordan | 4,032.5 | 4,376.0 | 4,330.7 | 4,304.2 | 4,274.9 | 1.5% |
| Libya | 4,375.2 | 4,406.9 | 4,477.7 | 3,980.8 | 3,414.0 | −6.0% |
| Lebanon | 3,308.8 | 3,668.8 | 3,912.4 | 4,171.8 | 4,174.1 | 6.0% |
| Yemen | 3,720.0 | 4,156.9 | 3,585.8 | 3,443.0 | 3,438.9 | −1.9% |
| Oman | 2,203.2 | 3,801.5 | 4,571.8 | 4,245.2 | 3,081.3 | 8.7% |
| Qatar | 2,206.7 | 2,925.3 | 3,178.5 | 3,185.9 | 3,492.3 | 12.2% |
| Tunisia | 2,573.8 | 2,661.5 | 2,784.3 | 2,617.2 | 2,607.5 | 0.3% |
| Syria | 2,750.0 | 2,719.5 | 2,384.5 | 2,076.1 | 1,984.4 | −7.8% |
| Bahrain | 1,388.4 | 1,671.1 | 1,999.0 | 1,898.3 | 1,752.9 | 6.0% |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
The top three suppliers of agri-food and seafood to MENA were Brazil, India and the United States (US), and accounted for Can$38.5 of the Can$157.3 billion in 2017. Canada recorded Can$2.5 billion in agri-food and seafood exports to MENA that year.
Wheat, corn and soya beans were the top three imports to MENA with a combined total of Can$22.0 billion in 2017. Canada placed 6th for soya bean exports and 12th for wheat exports to MENA among global trade partners, and supplied the region with Can$92.8 million worth of these two commodities.
Canadian exports of agri-food and seafood to MENA accounted for Can$12.0 billion, in the same 5 year period, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9%, ranking Canada 21st globally as an external trading partner in this region.
Other Canadian agri-food and seafood exports to MENA included barley, frozen boneless beef and fowls, beet sugar, milk and cream, food preparation and oilcake derived from soya bean oil extraction.
MENA's top ten suppliers
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 139,625.9 | 155,919.0 | 161,742.9 | 160,483.8 | 157,315.7 | 3.0 |
| Brazil | 12,771.4 | 12,481.7 | 13,917.6 | 14,918.5 | 17,111.2 | 7.6 |
| India | 11,335.4 | 12,007.4 | 10,994.7 | 10,319.9 | 11,023.2 | −0.7 |
| United States | 9,752.9 | 10,686.8 | 9,751.5 | 10,080.2 | 10,315.3 | 1.4 |
| Russia | 4,523.5 | 6,961.6 | 6,452.0 | 6,408.1 | 8,255.4 | 16.2 |
| Argentina | 7,485.1 | 7,350.6 | 6,494.7 | 8,014.4 | 7,993.6 | 1.7 |
| Turkey | 6,649.4 | 7,281.4 | 7,552.8 | 8,020.9 | 7,831.3 | 4.2 |
| Ukraine | 5,328.9 | 5,843.1 | 5,716.3 | 6,299.9 | 6,524.6 | 5.2 |
| France | 6,833.6 | 7,004.4 | 6,587.4 | 6,276.8 | 5,665.3 | −4.6 |
| Netherlands | 4,132.3 | 4,666.8 | 4,759.9 | 4,991.3 | 5,087.0 | 5.3 |
| Germany | 4,708.9 | 5,535.9 | 6,114.1 | 5,593.9 | 4,519.7 | −1.0 |
| Canada (21st) | 1,840.0 | 2,469.1 | 2,704.4 | 2,521.9 | 2,492.1 | 7.9 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 1: Excludes intra-MENA trade *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
The top five agri-food and seafood suppliers to MENA accounted for 34.9% of the total market share in 2017. Only one or two of these countries however show up in the top ten suppliers list for any single commodity, giving ample room for Canada and exporting countries to leverage their competitive advantages.
Canada held a steady position as a supplier of agri-food and seafood to the Middle East and North Africa over the past several years. Canadian exports to MENA increased by 0.3% to 1.6% of the market share, between 2013 and 2017.
In 2017, Canada's import supply gap to MENA was Can$154.8 billion. Canadian agri-food and seafood exports to the region however, increased by Can$652.1 million from 2013 to 2017, a compound annual growth rate of 7.9%, while global imports only increased by a CAGR of 3.0%.
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | PP* change 2013-2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 9.2 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 10.9 | 1.7 |
| India | 8.1 | 7.7 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 7.0 | −1.1 |
| United States | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.6 | −0.4 |
| Russia | 3.2 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.3 | 2.0 |
| Argentina | 5.4 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 5.1 | −0.3 |
| Turkey | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.2 |
| Ukraine | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 0.3 |
| France | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.6 | −1.3 |
| Netherlands | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 0.3 |
| Germany | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 2.9 | −0.5 |
| Canada (21st) | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.3 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker *PP: Percent Point (difference between 2017 and 2013 percent values) |
||||||
| Category | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 139,626 | 155,919 | 161,743 | 160,484 | 157,316 | 3.0 |
| Imports from Canada | 1,840 | 2,469 | 2,704 | 2,522 | 2,492 | 7.9 |
| Supply gap | 137,786 | 153,450 | 159,039 | 157,962 | 154,824 | 3.0 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Harmonized system (HS) code | Commodity | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total processed food imports | 139,625.9 | 155,919.0 | 161,742.9 | 160,483.8 | 157,315.7 | 3.0 | |
| 100199 | Wheat (excluding seed for sowing, and durum wheat) | 10,966.8 | 14,458.5 | 11,157.7 | 10,329.1 | 10,619.3 | −0.8 |
| 100590 | Corn (excluding seed for sowing) | 6,397.4 | 6,955.0 | 6,730.6 | 7,308.2 | 7,454.3 | 3.9 |
| 120190 | Soya beans (excluding seed for sowing) | 2,306.5 | 3,284.9 | 3,584.5 | 3,636.7 | 3,943.8 | 14.4 |
| 020230 | Frozen, boneless beef | 3,040.0 | 3,381.3 | 3,959.4 | 3,656.0 | 3,763.3 | 5.5 |
| 100390 | Barley (excluding seed for sowing) | 3,890.6 | 3,556.7 | 3,747.0 | 3,482.2 | 3,567.4 | −2.1 |
| 230400 | Soy meal (resulting from the extraction of soya-bean oil) | 4,652.1 | 4,291.1 | 3,656.4 | 3,944.8 | 3,345.8 | −7.9 |
| 210690 | Food preparations, not elsewhere specified | 2,366.1 | 2,931.5 | 3,349.2 | 3,603.9 | 3,025.9 | 6.3 |
| 020712 | Frozen poultry (not cut in pieces) | 3,243.6 | 2,886.1 | 3,366.0 | 3,116.5 | 2,873.5 | −3.0 |
| 170199 | Cane or beet sugar (excluding sugar containing added flavour or colour and raw sugar) | 3,123.5 | 2,931.7 | 2,605.4 | 2,782.4 | 2,646.5 | −4.1 |
| 040221 | Milk and cream in solid forms (fat content weight of > 1,5%, unsweetened) | 2,425.6 | 3,458.4 | 2,911.7 | 2,494.5 | 2,555.1 | 1.3 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *: Top ten Agri-food and Seafood Imports within Canada's Production Capacity *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
|||||||
MENA's top ten imports from the world
1. Wheat and meslin (HS 100199)
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 10,966.8 | 14,458.5 | 11,157.7 | 10,329.1 | 10,619.3 | −0.8 |
| Russia | 2,047.8 | 3,682.5 | 2,923.7 | 2,961.2 | 3,854.1 | 17.1 |
| Ukraine | 0.0 | 1,446.3 | 1,041.3 | 1,047.2 | 1,314.8 | −3.1 |
| France | 2,329.7 | 2,450.1 | 1,990.4 | 1,609.2 | 1,047.0 | −18.1 |
| Romania | 878.8 | 938.5 | 610.9 | 873.4 | 817.6 | −1.8 |
| Australia | 1,661.5 | 1,279.5 | 879.8 | 541.4 | 640.6 | −21.2 |
| United States | 928.3 | 306.0 | 335.3 | 478.3 | 602.5 | −10.2 |
| Argentina | 1.1 | 0.0 | 21.2 | 136.0 | 566.8 | N/C |
| Germany | 936.8 | 1,597.5 | 1,261.9 | 963.3 | 548.4 | −12.5 |
| Lithuania | 458.7 | 511.2 | 362.5 | 338.6 | 351.3 | −6.5 |
| Latvia | 205.9 | 169.7 | 235.2 | 185.1 | 221.7 | 1.9 |
| Canada (12th) | 320.7 | 549.8 | 384.0 | 177.5 | 148.3 | −17.5 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | PP* change 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | 18.7 | 25.5 | 26.2 | 28.7 | 36.3 | 17.6 |
| Ukraine | 0.0 | 10.0 | 9.3 | 10.1 | 12.4 | 12.4 |
| France | 21.2 | 17.0 | 17.8 | 15.6 | 9.9 | −11.4 |
| Romania | 8.0 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 8.5 | 7.7 | −0.3 |
| Australia | 15.2 | 8.9 | 7.9 | 5.2 | 6.0 | −9.1 |
| United States | 8.5 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 5.7 | −2.8 |
| Argentina | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 5.3 | 5.2[a] |
| Germany | 8.5 | 11.1 | 11.3 | 9.3 | 5.2 | −3.4 |
| Lithuania | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | −0.9 |
| Latvia | 1.9 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 0.2 |
| Canada (12th) | 2.9 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 1.4 | −1.5 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *PP: Percent Point (difference between 2017 and 2013 percent values) a: PP Calculated for 2017 and 2015 N/C: Not Calculated |
||||||
| Category | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 10,967 | 14,458 | 11,158 | 10,329 | 10,619 | −0.8 |
| Imports from Canada | 321 | 550 | 384 | 178 | 148 | −17.5 |
| Supply gap | 10,646 | 13,909 | 10,774 | 10,152 | 10,471 | −0.4 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
2. Corn (HS 100590)
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 6,397.4 | 6,955.0 | 6,730.6 | 7,308.2 | 7,454.3 | 3.9 |
| Argentina | 1,825.9 | 1,980.1 | 1,629.0 | 2,107.2 | 2,282.9 | 5.7 |
| Brazil | 1,810.9 | 1,846.9 | 2,092.7 | 1,772.4 | 2,133.3 | 4.2 |
| Ukraine | 1,608.6 | 1,208.3 | 1,239.9 | 1,302.8 | 1,414.5 | −3.2 |
| United States | 126.8 | 1,121.3 | 680.8 | 1,176.2 | 642.4 | 50.0 |
| Russia | 370.7 | 379.4 | 369.4 | 470.2 | 577.7 | 11.7 |
| Romania | 330.3 | 216.4 | 432.6 | 272.1 | 226.0 | −9.0 |
| Paraguay | 12.5 | 22.2 | 67.0 | 9.4 | 59.3 | 47.5 |
| Bulgaria | 145.4 | 38.7 | 19.5 | 70.2 | 28.4 | −33.5 |
| Turkey | 18.7 | 9.6 | 15.1 | 5.7 | 18.5 | −0.3 |
| Moldova | 1.0 | 9.0 | 5.8 | 10.4 | 17.1 | N/C |
| Canada (29th) | 12.07 | 5.2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | N/C |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | PP* change 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | 28.5 | 28.5 | 24.2 | 28.8 | 30.6 | 2.1 |
| Brazil | 28.3 | 26.6 | 31.1 | 24.3 | 28.6 | 0.3 |
| Ukraine | 25.1 | 17.4 | 18.4 | 17.8 | 19.0 | −6.2 |
| United States | 2.0 | 16.1 | 10.1 | 16.1 | 8.6 | 6.6 |
| Russia | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 7.8 | 2.0 |
| Romania | 5.2 | 3.1 | 6.4 | 3.7 | 3.0 | −2.1 |
| Paraguay | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
| Bulgaria | 2.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 | −1.9 |
| Turkey | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 |
| Moldova | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Canada | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | N/C |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *PP: Percent Point (difference between 2017 and 2013 percent values) |
||||||
| Category | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 6,397 | 6,955 | 6,731 | 7,308 | 7,454 | 3.9 |
| Imports from Canada | 12 | 5 | 0.004 | 0.019 | −80.1 | |
| Supply gap | 6,385 | 6,950 | 6,731 | 7,308 | 7,454 | 3.9 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
3. Soya bean (HS 120190)
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 2,306.5 | 3,284.9 | 3,584.5 | 3,636.7 | 3,943.8 | 14.4 |
| Brazil | 396.1 | 754.7 | 957.0 | 998.2 | 1,034.1 | 27.1 |
| United States | 841.4 | 1,092.1 | 732.6 | 683.9 | 978.3 | 3.8 |
| Ukraine | 0.0 | 448.8 | 844.2 | 1,060.8 | 891.9 | N/C |
| Paraguay | 392.8 | 516.4 | 300.6 | 411.3 | 582.0 | 10.3 |
| Argentina | 414.2 | 264.5 | 484.0 | 318.2 | 263.8 | −10.7 |
| Canada | 86.0 | 69.9 | 164.0 | 100.2 | 91.4 | 1.5 |
| Uruguay | 172.1 | 136.0 | 54.6 | 28.2 | 76.4 | −18.4 |
| Russia | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.1 | 17.9 | N/C |
| Romania | 0.0 | 0.0 | 16.5 | 18.6 | 2.5 | N/C |
| Turkey | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 72.5 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | PP* change 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 17.2 | 23.0 | 26.7 | 27.5 | 26.2 | 9.1 |
| United States | 36.5 | 33.3 | 20.4 | 18.8 | 24.8 | −11.7 |
| Ukraine | 0.0 | 13.7 | 23.6 | 29.2 | 22.6 | N/C |
| Paraguay | 17.0 | 15.7 | 8.4 | 11.3 | 14.8 | −2.3 |
| Argentina | 18.0 | 8.1 | 13.5 | 8.8 | 6.7 | −11.3 |
| Canada | 3.7 | 2.1 | 4.6 | 2.8 | 2.3 | −1.4 |
| Uruguay | 7.5 | 4.1 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.9 | −5.5 |
| Russia | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | N/C |
| Romania | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | N/C |
| Turkey | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *PP: Percent Point (difference between 2017 and 2013 percent values) |
||||||
| Category | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 2,307 | 3,285 | 3,585 | 3,637 | 3,944 | 14.4 |
| Imports from Canada | 86 | 70 | 164 | 100 | 91 | 1.5 |
| Supply gap | 2,220 | 3,215 | 3,420 | 3,536 | 3,852 | 14.8 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
4. Frozen boneless beef (HS 020230)
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 3,040.0 | 3,381.3 | 3,959.4 | 3,656.0 | 3,763.3 | 5.5 |
| Brazil | 1,020.8 | 1,159.2 | 1,534.5 | 1,503.7 | 1,800.7 | 15.2 |
| India | 1,269.1 | 1,455.2 | 1,425.9 | 1,276.9 | 1,048.9 | −4.7 |
| Paraguay | 104.4 | 114.9 | 208.5 | 183.4 | 211.2 | 19.3 |
| Uruguay | 136.7 | 143.9 | 159.1 | 160.5 | 159.0 | 3.9 |
| Argentina | 120.4 | 113.4 | 131.7 | 153.8 | 156.3 | 6.7 |
| United States | 114.3 | 83.8 | 107.2 | 105.5 | 111.0 | −0.7 |
| Australia | 173.8 | 181.1 | 196.5 | 107.5 | 103.9 | −12.1 |
| Poland | 14.7 | 18.1 | 19.3 | 34.1 | 44.1 | 31.7 |
| New Zealand | 30.0 | 33.0 | 43.5 | 28.8 | 30.5 | 0.4 |
| Spain | 6.9 | 8.9 | 10.7 | 12.5 | 17.6 | 26.6 |
| Canada (14th) | 13.2 | 6.1 | 19.0 | 18.7 | 5.2 | −20.7 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | PP* change 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 33.6 | 34.3 | 38.8 | 41.1 | 47.9 | 14.3 |
| India | 41.8 | 43.0 | 36.0 | 34.9 | 27.9 | −13.9 |
| Paraguay | 3.4 | 3.4 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 2.2 |
| Uruguay | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.2 | −0.3 |
| Argentina | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 0.2 |
| United States | 3.8 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.0 | −0.8 |
| Australia | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | −3.0 |
| Poland | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
| New Zealand | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.8 | −0.2 |
| Spain | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Canada (14th) | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | −0.3 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *PP: Percent Point (difference between 2017 and 2013 percent values) |
||||||
| Category | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 3,040 | 3,381 | 3,959 | 3,656 | 3,763 | 5.5 |
| Imports from Canada | 13 | 6 | 19 | 19 | 5 | −20.7 |
| Supply gap | 3,027 | 3,375 | 3,940 | 3,637 | 3,758 | 5.6 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
5. Barley (HS 100390)
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 3,890.6 | 3,556.7 | 3,747.0 | 3,482.2 | 3,567.4 | −2.1 |
| Russia | 541.4 | 792.4 | 1,163.4 | 519.8 | 906.4 | 13.8 |
| Ukraine | 0.00% | 865.9 | 735.3 | 747.5 | 655.6 | N/C |
| France | 558.2 | 168.4 | 104.0 | 479.6 | 484.6 | −3.5 |
| Germany | 532.2 | 63.0 | 418.6 | 380.3 | 307.7 | −12.8 |
| Argentina | 693.7 | 445.3 | 162.2 | 410.8 | 307.5 | −18.4 |
| Australia | 613.3 | 227.0 | 198.8 | 263.4 | 285.0 | −17.4 |
| Romania | 292.5 | 292.7 | 379.8 | 238.2 | 247.2 | −4.1 |
| Kazakhstan | 44.7 | 132.2 | 126.8 | 127.2 | 163.2 | 38.2 |
| Estonia | 33.3 | 34.3 | 61.2 | 53.3 | 67.5 | 19.3 |
| Canada | 45.8 | 15.6 | 0.0 | 13.9 | 44.1 | −1.2 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | PP* change 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | 13.9 | 22.3 | 31.1 | 14.9 | 25.4 | 11.5 |
| Ukraine | 0.0 | 24.4 | 19.6 | 21.5 | 18.4 | N/C |
| France | 14.4 | 4.7 | 2.8 | 13.8 | 13.6 | −0.8 |
| Germany | 13.7 | 1.8 | 11.2 | 10.9 | 8.6 | −5.1 |
| Argentina | 17.8 | 12.5 | 4.3 | 11.8 | 8.6 | −9.2 |
| Australia | 15.8 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 7.6 | 8.0 | −7.8 |
| Romania | 7.5 | 8.2 | 10.1 | 6.8 | 6.9 | −0.6 |
| Kazakhstan | 1.2 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 3.4 |
| Estonia | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.0 |
| Canada | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.1 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *PP: Percent Point (difference between 2017 and 2013 percent values) N/C: Not Calculated |
||||||
| Category | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 3,891 | 3,557 | 3,747 | 3,482 | 3,567 | −2.1 |
| Imports from Canada | 46 | 16 | 14 | 44 | −0.9 | |
| Supply gap | 3,845 | 3,541 | 3,747 | 3,468 | 3,523 | −2.2 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
6. Soy meal (HS 230400)
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 4,652.1 | 4,291.1 | 3,656.4 | 3,944.8 | 3,345.8 | −7.9 |
| Argentina | 2,423.4 | 3,200.9 | 2,592.4 | 2,991.7 | 2,581.1 | 1.6 |
| United States | 604.2 | 343.4 | 336.7 | 273.5 | 330.3 | −14.0 |
| Brazil | 418.5 | 257.6 | 448.6 | 468.5 | 256.0 | −11.6 |
| Paraguay | 160.0 | 65.7 | 46.5 | 52.4 | 69.5 | −18.8 |
| India | 921.6 | 340.4 | 112.0 | 16.7 | 53.3 | −51.0 |
| Spain | 60.8 | 4.8 | 20.9 | 24.8 | 18.3 | −26.0 |
| Ukraine | 0.0 | 10.4 | 37.4 | 41.8 | 16.9 | N/C |
| Netherlands | 0.2 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 5.5 | N/C |
| Nigeria | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.7 | N/C |
| Uruguay | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.2 | N/C |
| Canada (39th) | 4.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | N/C |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | PP* change 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | 52.1 | 74.6 | 70.9 | 75.8 | 77.1 | 25.1 |
| United States | 13.0 | 8.0 | 9.2 | 6.9 | 9.9 | −3.1 |
| Brazil | 9.0 | 6.0 | 12.3 | 11.9 | 7.7 | −1.4 |
| Paraguay | 3.4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.1 | −1.4 |
| India | 19.8 | 7.9 | 3.1 | 0.4 | 1.6 | −18.2 |
| Spain | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | −0.8 |
| Ukraine | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Netherlands | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Nigeria | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | N/C |
| Uruguay | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | N/C |
| Canada (39th) | 0.1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | N/C |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *PP: Percent Point (difference between 2017 and 2013 percent values) |
||||||
| Category | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 4,652 | 4,291 | 3,656 | 3,945 | 3,346 | −7.9 |
| Imports from Canada | 4 | 0.007 | N/C | |||
| Supply gap | 4,648 | 4,291 | 3,656 | 3,945 | 3,346 | −7.9 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
7. Food preparation not elsewhere specified (HS 210690)
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 2,366.1 | 2,931.5 | 3,349.1 | 3,603.9 | 3,026.2 | 6.3 |
| Germany | 266.5 | 295.8 | 315.2 | 377.1 | 344.0 | 6.6 |
| United States | 182.6 | 257.7 | 337.5 | 330.0 | 292.9 | 12.5 |
| Netherlands | 203.2 | 231.4 | 294.4 | 314.0 | 279.0 | 8.3 |
| France | 159.4 | 189.7 | 186.9 | 211.3 | 248.7 | 11.8 |
| Italy | 94.8 | 128.9 | 147.2 | 162.0 | 181.1 | 17.6 |
| Bahrain | 0.0 | 169.3 | 78.5 | 116.7 | 178.7 | 1.8[a] |
| United Kingdom | 101.9 | 121.5 | 150.7 | 166.3 | 172.0 | 14.0 |
| Spain | 128.0 | 147.8 | 147.3 | 161.4 | 163.6 | 6.3 |
| Denmark | 348.1 | 311.6 | 155.6 | 166.7 | 144.7 | −19.7 |
| Turkey | 69.5 | 83.5 | 110.8 | 119.2 | 94.6 | 8.0 |
| Canada (24th) | 29.5 | 28.2 | 36.5 | 19.2 | 23.4 | −5.6 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate a: CAGR calculated for 4 years |
||||||
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | PP* change 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 11.3 | 10.1 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 11.4 | 0.1 |
| United States | 7.7 | 8.8 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 2.0 |
| Netherlands | 8.6 | 7.9 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 0.6 |
| France | 6.7 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 8.2 | 1.5 |
| Italy | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 2.0 |
| Bahrain[a] | 0.0 | 5.8 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 5.9 | 0.1 |
| United Kingdom | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 1.4 |
| Spain | 5.4 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 0.0 |
| Denmark | 14.7 | 10.6 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.8 | −9.9 |
| Turkey | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 0.2 |
| Canada (24th) | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.8 | −0.5 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *PP: Percent Point (difference between 2017 and 2013 percent values) a: PP change calculated for 2017 and 2014 values |
||||||
| Category | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 2,366 | 2,931 | 3,349 | 3,604 | 3,026 | 6.3 |
| Imports from Canada | 29 | 28 | 36 | 19.221 | 23 | −5.6 |
| Supply gap | 2,337 | 2,903 | 3,313 | 3,585 | 3,003 | 6.5 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
8. Frozen poultry (HS 020712)
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 3,243.6 | 2,886.1 | 3,366.0 | 3,116.5 | 2,873.5 | −3.0 |
| Brazil | 2,224.4 | 1,938.0 | 2,288.1 | 2,213.9 | 2,047.0 | −2.1 |
| Turkey | 379.9 | 372.2 | 300.7 | 259.3 | 340.7 | −2.7 |
| France | 448.3 | 359.6 | 420.7 | 293.4 | 244.5 | −14.1 |
| Ukraine | 38.9 | 51.4 | 79.6 | 124.9 | 136.2 | 36.8 |
| Argentina | 28.3 | 35.9 | 90.3 | 44.9 | 39.2 | 8.5 |
| Saudi Arabia | 18.7 | 16.2 | 14.3 | 20.6 | 18.3 | 4.0 |
| Oman | 23.6 | 20.2 | 42.5 | 34.0 | 12.6 | −14.5 |
| Iran | 21.2 | 68.8 | 96.7 | 90.1 | 10.8 | −15.4 |
| Russia | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 7.3 | 6.7 | N/C |
| Poland | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 5.9 | N/C |
| Canada (24th) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.001 | 0.016 | N/C |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | PP* change 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 68.6 | 67.2 | 68.0 | 71.0 | 71.2 | 2.7 |
| Turkey | 11.7 | 12.9 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 11.9 | 0.1 |
| France | 13.8 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 9.4 | 8.5 | −5.3 |
| Ukraine | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 3.5 |
| Argentina | 0.9 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
| Saudi Arabia | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
| Oman | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.4 | −0.3 |
| Iran | 0.7 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 0.4 | −0.3 |
| Russian Federation | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | N/C |
| Poland | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | N/C |
| Canada (24th) | 0.1 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | N/C |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *PP: Percent Point (difference between 2017 and 2013 percent values) |
||||||
| Category | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 3,244 | 2,886 | 3,366 | 3,117 | 2,873 | −3.0 |
| Imports from Canada | 0.001 | 0.016 | N/C | |||
| Supply gap | 3,244 | 2,886 | 3,366 | 3,117 | 2,873 | −3.0 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
9. Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in solid form (HS 170199)
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 3,124 | 2,932 | 2,605 | 2,782 | 2,647 | −4.1 |
| New Zealand | 1,096 | 995 | 774 | 999 | 1,033 | −1.5 |
| Netherlands | 266 | 261 | 259 | 197 | 240 | −2.5 |
| Oman | 2 | 2 | 76 | 152 | 175 | N/C |
| Uruguay | 112 | 115 | 113 | 81 | 143 | 6.4 |
| Denmark | 110 | 75 | 88 | 64 | 139 | 6.0 |
| Argentina | 125 | 164 | 112 | 155 | 138 | 2.5 |
| Belgium | 57 | 73 | 53 | 111 | 102 | 15.6 |
| Sweden | 48 | 38 | 45 | 52 | 87 | 15.8 |
| France | 2 | 0 | 3 | 70 | 80 | N/C |
| Germany | 42 | 64 | 27 | 92 | 78 | 16.4 |
| Canada (35th)[a] | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.83 | 0.92 | 52.2 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 N/C: Not Calculated *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate a: Canada only produces beet sugar |
||||||
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | PP* change 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Zealand | 35.1 | 34.0 | 29.7 | 35.9 | 39.0 | 4.0 |
| Netherlands | 8.5 | 8.9 | 10.0 | 7.1 | 9.1 | 0.6 |
| Oman | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 5.5 | 6.6 | 6.5 |
| Uruguay | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 2.9 | 5.4 | 1.8 |
| Denmark | 3.5 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 5.2 | 1.7 |
| Argentina | 4.0 | 5.6 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 1.2 |
| Belgium | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 2.0 |
| Sweden | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 1.7 |
| France | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Germany | 1.4 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 1.6 |
| Canada (35th)[a] | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *PP: Percent Point (difference between 2017 and 2013 percent values) a: Canada only produces beet sugar |
||||||
| Category | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 3,124 | 2,932 | 2,605 | 2,782 | 2,647 | −4.1 |
| Imports from Canada | 0.17 | 0.81 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.92 | 52.2 |
| Supply Gap | 3,123 | 2,931 | 2,605 | 2,782 | 2,646 | −4.1 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
10. Milk and cream (HS 040221)
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 2,426 | 3,458 | 2,912 | 2,495 | 2,555 | 1.3 |
| New Zealand | 752 | 1,424 | 1,141 | 1,159 | 1,053 | 8.8 |
| Netherlands | 292 | 295 | 216 | 223 | 348 | 4.5 |
| Oman | 193 | 254 | 268 | 168 | 222 | 3.6 |
| Uruguay | 32 | 51 | 92 | 54 | 161 | 49.3 |
| Denmark | 163 | 174 | 154 | 125 | 133 | −5.1 |
| Argentina | 257 | 231 | 103 | 90 | 100 | −21.1 |
| Belgium | 94 | 147 | 48 | 39 | 92 | −0.5 |
| Sweden | 122 | 145 | 109 | 68 | 80 | −10.0 |
| France | 67 | 120 | 84 | 63 | 74 | 2.6 |
| Germany | 17 | 32 | 54 | 40 | 55 | 34.4 |
| Canada (30th) | 1 | 3 | 0.23 | 1 | 0.23 | −36.3 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | PP* change 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Zealand | 31.0 | 41.2 | 39.2 | 46.5 | 41.2 | 10.2 |
| Netherlands | 12.0 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 9.0 | 13.6 | 1.6 |
| Oman | 7.9 | 7.4 | 9.2 | 6.7 | 8.7 | 0.7 |
| Uruguay | 1.3 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 6.3 | 5.0 |
| Denmark | 6.7 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.2 | −1.6 |
| Argentina | 10.6 | 6.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.9 | −6.7 |
| Belgium | 3.9 | 4.3 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 3.6 | −0.3 |
| Sweden | 5.0 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.1 | −1.9 |
| France | 2.8 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 0.2 |
| Germany | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.5 |
| Canada (30th) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.01 | −0.1 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *PP: Percent Point (difference between 2017 and 2013 percent values) |
||||||
| Category | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | CAGR* % 2013-17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 2,426 | 3,458 | 2,912 | 2,495 | 2,555 | 1.3 |
| Imports from Canada | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0.231 | −36.3 |
| Supply gap | 2,424 | 3,455 | 2,911 | 2,493 | 2,555 | 1.3 |
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2018 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
Conclusion
Despite the large import supply gap between Canada and MENA's global partners, Canadian agri-food and seafood imports remain steady. Canadian exporters have a foothold in this market and can therefore take advantage of existing relationship to increase trade in this region.
Canada is well positioned to become a top exporter to MENA for soya beans and wheat. Although wheat has seen a decline in recent years due to increased Russian exports to MENA, Canada could maintain its position and leverage barley imports given the increased demand in recent years.
Imports of the lesser known commodities, such as cane or beet sugar and barley continue to rise, while food preparation goods, milk and cream remain steady, with slight fluctuations from one year to the next.
Between 2014 and 2017, Canadian barley exports to MENA have risen by Can$28.6 million and beet sugar exports have increased by 52.2%.
Corn is yet another high quality commodity produced in Canada, and based on historic export data to the MENA region, could be leveraged and help narrow the export supply gap.
Canada should continue to maintain and leverage its position regarding the five main exports to MENA which include durum wheat, dried lentils, canola oil, wheat and soya beans.
For more information
International Trade Commissioners can provide Canadian industry with on-the-ground expertise regarding market potential, current conditions and local business contacts, and are an excellent point of contact for export advice.
- Overview of the Trade Commissioner Service in The Middle East and North Africa
- Choose the country of interest
- Find a Trade Commissioner
For additional intelligence on this and other markets, the complete library of Global Analysis reports can be found on the International agri-food market intelligence page, arranged by region.
For information on Gulfood 2019, being held at the Dubai World Trade Centre on from February 17th to 21st, visit the Gulfood website.
For additional information on Middle East and North Africa trade shows, please contact:
Ben Berry, Deputy Director
Trade Show Strategy and Delivery
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
ben.berry@canada.ca
Resources
- The World Bank, 2018
- Global Trade Tracker, 2018
- Statistics Canada, 2018
- Istizada, 2018
- Investopedia, 2018
- World Population review, 2018
Competitive Trade Analysis – Agri-food and seafood trends in the Middle East and North Africa
Global Analysis Report
Prepared by: André Ajaltouny, Market Analyst
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food (2019).
Photo credits
All photographs reproduced in this publication are used by permission of the rights holders.
All images, unless otherwise noted, are copyright Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
To join our distribution list or to suggest additional report topics or markets, please contact:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Global Analysis1341 Baseline Road, Tower 5, 3rd floor
Ottawa, Ontario
Canada, K1A 0C5
Email: aafc.mas-sam.aac@canada.ca
The Government of Canada has prepared this report based on primary and secondary sources of information. Although every effort has been made to ensure that the information is accurate, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) assumes no liability for any actions taken based on the information contained herein.
Reproduction or redistribution of this document, in whole or in part, must include acknowledgement of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada as the owner of the copyright in the document, through a reference citing AAFC, the title of the document and the year. Where the reproduction or redistribution includes data from this document, it must also include an acknowledgement of the specific data source(s), as noted in this document.
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada provides this document and other report services to agriculture and food industry clients free of charge.
Report a problem on this page
- Date modified: